Agglomerated material and process for making the same



Patented June 9, 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALEXANDRE SACHA BLACHORO'VITCH, OF PARIS, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR TO HENRYGORAN BRALOWER AND MORRIS BRALOWEB, BOTH OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

AGGLOMERATED MATERIAL AND PROCESS FOR IAKING THE SAME.

lo Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALEXANDRE SAOHA BLACHOROVITCH, a citizen of theRussian Republic, residing at Paris, France, have invented a new anduseful Improvement in Agglomerated Materials and Processes for Makingthe. Same, of which the following is as ecification.

' small 'elatine has already been used for agglomerating varioussubstances and it is usual to employ another-material such as bichromateof potash to render the gelatine insoluble even in hot water. Gelatinethus treated will, however, when soaked in cold water, absorb aconsiderable quantity of water and swell up. A materia thus produced istherefore unsuitable for use out of doors or in damp places. Also such amixture sets rapidly, thus rendering it difiieult to mould or work andthe product is comparatively weak as it is impossible to use more than asmall proportion of the material used for hardening as otherwise itdisintegrates. v

According to one such rocess an aggregate material, and plaster of arisis first ground together and then mixed with a warm solution of gelatineand any coagulating agent such as tannic acid, chrome alum, bichromateof potash, formaldehyde or'common alum. An object of the resentinvention is to provide an improve process for agglomer ating varioussubstances, differing much in character, thus enabling a solid materialto be produced which is substantially non-hydroscopic, is not injured byfrost, is very strong, is insoluble, and does not set uickly. Such amaterial is especially suita le for use out of doors and in damp places,and as made from certain substances, is suitable as an electricalinsulator. It further will take a high polish, and will burn but slowly,and such a material can be sawn and nailed. According to the presentinvention, the process takes place in three stages: First the aggregate,generally in the form of articles, and plaster of Paris or its equivaent, are thoroughly mixed together; then an aqueous solution of severaldifferent kinds of gelatine is added to and thoroughly mixed with-thesolid materials, and finally an aqueous solution containing several dif-Appllcation filed September 2, 1924. Serial No. 785,480.

ferent kinds of materials which will harden gelatine is added, and thewhole is again thoroughly mixed. By thus operating in three stages andby using a solution of several different kinds of gelatine and asolution of several different kinds of materials which will hardengelatin e, it is possible to use a larger proportion than heretofore ofthe hardening materials, without thereby rendering the product liable todisintegration, and the hardening takes place less rapidly thanheretofore. The mixture may be moulded during a period of at leastfifteen minutes after the solution of hardening materials has beenadded. Presumably, each of the different kinds of gelatine coacts with aparticular hardenmg material, so that the greater proportion ofhardening material used, is properl taken care of, and does not causethe prod uct to disintegrate as would otherwise be the case. However,regardless of the actual interaction between the constituents, the aboveprocess does result in a very superior product.

About 10 to 15 per cent, 10 weight, of plaster of Paris is added tot eaggregate and thehardening materials above mentioned may be used.

The hardening solution should be added tothe mass in such a quantitythat its weight is about half the wei ht of the gelatine solution andthe more ge atine contained in the solution, the greater will be thecrushing resistance of the product. When employing a gelatine solutioncontaining a large'proportion of gelatine, it is preferable to employ ahardening solution likewise There are many kinds of gelatine upon themarket and each has its own peculiar characteristics rendering itparticularly useful for certain purposes. The gelatines employed incarrying the invention into efiect vary in strength and character. Astrong aqueous solution which has been found to be particularly suitablecontains a weight of gelatine ual a; about per cent of the welght of t ewater and is made up as follows:

Water 1000 grams or 1 litre I Gelatine made from bones 100 grams'Gelatine'made from large sinews 80 grams Gelat ne'made from smallsinews 60 grams Refined gelatine Y gcolle gelatine) 40 grams Ge atine(bronze) 14 grams Gelatine (silver) 6 grams Many makers produce hiighlyI refined latines which aresold un er the well-. own trade names ofbronze, silver and old the latter. being the most highly refine and thedegree of refinement can only be described by use of the. correspondingtrade name:

.A suitable hardening solution" for. use with a 30 per cent gelatinesolution as set forth above is" made from the following substances inabout the proportions stated: a

' Water 1000 grams or 1 litre Chrome alum- 76 grams Potash alu1n 152grams Bichromate of pot.- Y

- ash.. a.. j 57 grams Formaldehyde---" 114 grams Here it is seen thatthe total weight of the hardening materials is about'40 per cent of thatof the water.'

The ingredients are thoroughly mixed at H a temperatureof about 15 C.

As an example of the use of the gelatine solution and hardening solutionset forth above, an artificial stone brick or'building block whichabsorbs but little water (:12 per cent) and has a highcrushingresistance (209 kilogrammes per cubic centlmeter) can Plaster'of Paris be made from the followin about the proportions state River orsea sand 185 grams 20 grams materials in Gelatine 'solution (30 7 percent) 18 cubic centimete Hardening solution (40.

percent) '9 cubic centimeters When the various materials have beenthoroughly mixed they are in a semi-dry state with no excess moisturepresent, and are compressed into desired form, in suitable ployed forexample, a 25 presses.

When .a weaker gelatine solution is emr cent solution, the hardeningsolution will be about a 33 per cent solution. a

With a 15 per cent gelatine solution the corresponding hardeningsolution will be one of about 20 per cent. The proportion of the percent of the latine solution to the per cent of the her ening solution,is thus always about three to four.

The hardening materials are always employed in about the followingproportions as noted from the example of hardening solution given above:v

Q I Chrome alum.- 4 parts by weight Potash alum 8 parts by weightBichromate of potash 3 parts by weight Formaldehyde 6 parts by weightOther hardening materials, which however are not emential, such as asalt of aluminum or tannin may be addedto the above materials in smallproportions.

The invention enables all kinds of solid materials to be agglomerated.Among the softer .materials may be mentioned paper,

cork, and saw dust, and among the harder an artificial stone brick itwas found that the brick absorbed only 4.2 per cent of its own weight ofwater. Such a brick soaked in water was also frozen 25 times, withoutshowing any traces of alteration.

avmg now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my saidinvention andin what manner the same is to be performed, I declare thatwhat I claim is:- 1. process for agglomerating filler material,comprising, mixing the filler with plaster of Paris, then mixin ofgelatines such solution comprising water bone gelatine, large sinewgelatine, small sinew gelatine, refined gelatine, bronze gelatine, andsilver gelatine in approximately the proportions by wei ht of 1,000,100, 80,

'60, 40, 14, and 6 and t en mixing with the rgsult an aqueous solutionof difierent kinds 0 rising water, chrome alum, potash alum, ichromateof potash and formaldehyde in approximately the proportions by weight 0t1, 6, 152, -57 and 114.

ibring matter can of course be National des Arts et Metiers at Paris,with with the. result an aqueous solution of di erent kinds gelatinehardeners, such solution com- 2. A process for agglomerating fillerterials, comprising, mixing the filler with plaster of Paris intherelative approximate proportion by weight of 9 to 1, then mixmg withthe resu t an aqueous solution of difierent kinds of gelatinessuch/solution comprising water, bone gelatine, large sinewgelatine,'small sinew :ge atine, refined gelatine, bronze gelatine, andsilver gelatine in bichromate of approximately the proportions by weightof 1000, 100, 80, 60, 40, 14 and 6 and then mixin with the result anaqueous solution of di%erent kinds of gelatme hardeners, such solutioncomprising water, chrome alum, potash alum, bichromate of potash andformaldehyde in approximately. the proportions by weight of 1, 76, 152,57 and 114.

3. A process for agglomerating filler material, comprising, mixing thefiller with plaster of Paris, then mixin with the result an aqueoussolution of di erent kinds of gelatines such solution comprising water,bone gelatine, large sinew gelatine, small sinew gelatine, refinedgelatine, bronze gelatine, and silver gelatine in approximately theproportions by wei ht of 1000, 100, 80, 60, 40, 14 and 6 and t en mixingwith the result an aqueous solution of difierent kinds of gelatinehardeners, such solution comprising water,

potash and formaldehyde in approximately the proportions by weight of 1,76, 152, 57 and 114, the gelatine and the elatine hardener solutionsbeing used in t .e approximate volumetric proportion of two to one. a

chrome alum, potash alum,v

4. A relatively hard tenacious non-hygrosco io material, comprising, afiller, a plurahty of difierent kinds of gelatines, and a plurality ofdiflerent kinds of hardeners, the gelatines including bone gelatine,large sinew gelatine, ismall sinew gelatine, refined gelatine, bronzegelatine and silver gelatine, and the gelatine hardeners includingchrome alum, potash alum, bichromate mately 40 per cent aqueous gelatinehardener solution, to every 185 grams of filler there.

being ap roximately 18 cubic centimeters of the gelatine solution and 9cubic centimeters of the hardener solution.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

ALEXANDRE SACHA sucuonovl'rca.

